Lactic Acid for Fungal Acne

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Did you know that fungal acne, also known as Malassezia folliculitis, can be treated effectively with lactic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA)¹?

Even though you still would need to use other anti-fungal treatments, using lactic acid in combination with these treatments can:

1. help to exfoliate the skin
2. reduce the buildup of dead skin cells and sebum that can contribute to fungal acne
3. balance the skin’s pH levels to make it less hospitable to fungal growth

Using lactic acid in a concentration around 5-10% can provide benefits for fungal acne while minimizing possibility of irritation.

As a skincare formulator I am used to professional skincare ingredients that aim at certain skin conditions. Lactic acid is an ingredient I usually use to lower the pH of my formulations. But this ingredients can be helpful in other areas of skincare, i.e. helping with fungal acne.

Could Lactic Acid, on its own, get rid of fungal acne?

While lactic acid can be beneficial in treating fungal acne by promoting gentle exfoliation and cell turnover, it may not be sufficient on its own for complete resolution. Combining lactic acid with antifungal treatments, such as ketoconazole or zinc pyrithione, and maintaining a consistent skincare routine tailored to your skin’s needs will yield better results in managing and preventing fungal acne. It is crucial to consult a dermatologist for personalized advice and treatment recommendations.²

Lactic acid on its own, without incorporating other ingredients as part of a larger treatment, will probably not remove your fungal acne.

Let’s have a look at how to incorporate lactic acid as part of a more complete treatment. As I am a natural skincare formulator, I provided a natural option as well. See which you prefer below.

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1. Natural Full Treatment for Fungal Acne

A natural, effective treatment for fungal acne incorporating lactic acid could include the following steps:

1. Cleanser: Use a gentle, sulfate-free, natural cleanser twice daily (morning and night). Product suggestion: La Roche-Posay Toleriane Hydrating Gentle Cleanser or Christina Moss Naturals Organic Facial Wash. Take a dime-sized amount, massage onto wet skin for 30-60 seconds, and rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water. Pat your face dry with a clean towel. Here’s more on cleansers for fungal acne.
2. Exfoliant: Apply a lactic acid-based product (5-10% concentration) 2-3 times per week, preferably at night. Product suggestion: The Ordinary Lactic Acid 5% + HA or 10% + HA. Apply 2-3 drops to clean, dry skin, avoiding the eye area. Allow the product to absorb for a few minutes before moving on to the next step. Start with a lower concentration and gradually increase as your skin tolerates it.
3. Antifungal: Incorporate natural antifungal ingredients into your routine, such as tea tree oil or raw honey. For tea tree oil, mix 1-2 drops with a carrier oil (e.g., jojoba oil or almond oil) and apply it to the affected areas once daily. For raw honey, apply a thin layer to the affected areas, leave it on for 20-30 minutes, and then rinse it off with lukewarm water. Perform either of these treatments 2-3 times per week.
4. Moisturizer: Choose a lightweight, natural, non-comedogenic moisturizer that won’t clog pores. Product suggestion: Burt’s Bees Sensitive Daily Moisturizing Cream or Andalou Naturals 1000 Roses Beautiful Day Cream. Apply a pea-sized amount to your face, focusing on dry or irritated areas, after the exfoliant or antifungal treatment has been absorbed.
5. Diet and Lifestyle: Consume a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support overall skin health. Manage stress and maintain a regular sleep schedule. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated.

When searching for natural treatments some people look into rosehip oil for fungal acne, thinking it might help. Rosehip oil is not recommended and if you read my article you will learn why.

Remember that individual responses to treatments can vary, and it’s essential to consult with a dermatologist for personalized advice and recommendations.

2. Non-Natural Full Treatment for Fungal Acne

Compared to natural treatments, non-natural or conventional treatments for fungal acne may provide quicker and more consistent results, especially for moderate to severe cases. I always recommend going natural because in my opinion our skin responds better with it aligns with nature as much as possible. It does usually take longer but I believe it is better for our overall health.

Still, you might prefer to try a non-natural treatment.

Common non-natural treatments include:

1. Cleanser: Use a gentle, sulfate-free cleanser twice daily (morning and night). Product suggestion: CeraVe Foaming Facial Cleanser or Neutrogena Ultra Gentle Daily Cleanser. Take a dime-sized amount, massage onto wet skin for 30-60 seconds, and rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water. Pat your face dry with a clean towel.
2. Topical antifungal medication: Apply an over-the-counter or prescription-strength antifungal cream or gel, such as ketoconazole 2% or clotrimazole 1%, to the affected areas once daily, preferably at night. Follow your dermatologist’s recommendations for duration and usage. Clean and dry the affected area before applying a thin layer of the medication. Gently massage it into the skin until it is fully absorbed.
3. Exfoliant (optional): Use a gentle chemical exfoliant, such as lactic acid or salicylic acid, 2-3 times per week to promote skin cell turnover. Product suggestion: The Ordinary Lactic Acid 5% + HA or Paula’s Choice Skin Perfecting 2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant. Apply 2-3 drops to clean, dry skin, avoiding the eye area. Allow the product to absorb for a few minutes before moving on to the next step. Start with a lower concentration and gradually increase as your skin tolerates it.
4. Antibacterial treatment (optional): If recommended by your dermatologist, apply a thin layer of benzoyl peroxide 2.5% or azelaic acid 10% to the affected areas once daily, preferably in the morning. Product suggestion: Acne.org 2.5% Benzoyl Peroxide or The Ordinary Azelaic Acid Suspension 10%. Introduce one of these treatments slowly to minimize skin irritation, and discontinue use if excessive dryness or irritation occurs.
5. Moisturizer: Choose a lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated. Product suggestion: CeraVe PM Facial Moisturizing Lotion or Neutrogena Hydro Boost Water Gel. Apply a pea-sized amount to your face, focusing on dry or irritated areas, after the topical treatments have been absorbed.
6. Sunscreen (morning only): Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 to protect your skin from UV damage, as some acne treatments can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Product suggestion: La Roche-Posay Anthelios Ultra-Light Mineral Sunscreen SPF 50 or EltaMD UV Clear Broad-Spectrum SPF 46. Apply generously to your face and neck at least 15 minutes before sun exposure, and reapply every 2 hours or after swimming or sweating.

Non-natural treatments may yield faster and more reliable results, but they might also have potential side effects or cause skin irritation for some individuals. It’s essential to consult with a dermatologist to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific skin condition and needs. They can help you balance the benefits and risks of both natural and conventional treatments to find the best approach for your fungal acne.

Differences Between the Natural Treatment and the Non-Natural Treatment

As a natural skincare formulator I always recommend people natural treatments. I understand that many people prefer non-natural treatments as they can lead to faster results, but, in the end, I find that natural products are more beneficial for the skin. I get recurring clients coming to the market to buy my products again and again because they say there are no side-effects and their skins look very happy and healthy!

• Ingredients:
  • Natural treatments focus on plant-based, organic, or naturally derived ingredients, while non-natural treatments often contain synthetic or lab-created components.
• Antifungal agents:
  • Natural treatments use ingredients like tea tree oil or raw honey for their antifungal properties, whereas non-natural treatments typically involve over-the-counter or prescription-strength antifungal creams or gels, such as ketoconazole or clotrimazole.
• Exfoliants:
  • Both natural and non-natural treatments can incorporate lactic acid as an exfoliant, but non-natural treatments may also include other chemical exfoliants like salicylic acid.
• Antibacterial treatments:
  • Non-natural treatments may include antibacterial agents like benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid to control bacterial overgrowth and inflammation, while natural treatments generally do not.
• Effectiveness:
  • Non-natural treatments may offer quicker and more consistent results, especially for moderate to severe cases, while natural treatments can be gentler and less irritating but may take longer to show improvement.
• Side effects:
  • Natural treatments often have fewer side effects and are less likely to cause skin irritation, while non-natural treatments can be more potent and may cause irritation or dryness for some individuals.
• Product options:
  • Natural treatments usually prioritize products with clean, non-toxic, and eco-friendly ingredients, while non-natural treatments focus on products that contain proven, medically-backed ingredients for treating fungal acne.

Ok, now that you know about lactic acid for fungal acne, how to incorporate it into your skincare routine and natural as well as non-natural routine options, let’s have a look at some basic terms.

What Exactly is Fungal Acne?

Fungal acne, also known as Malassezia folliculitis or Pityrosporum folliculitis, is a skin condition caused by an overgrowth of yeast within the hair follicles.

FACT – Malassezia yeast is naturally present on the skin and scalp already. It’s a common part of the skin’s microbiome and is typically harmless, in small amounts. However, when there is an overgrowth of this yeast, it can lead to various skin conditions including seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, pityriasis versicolor, and fungal acne.

It can be challenging to treat, as it often resembles bacterial acne and may not respond to traditional acne treatments. Consequently, finding effective solutions for fungal acne is crucial for those affected by this condition.

Lactic acid, an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), has got some attention for its potential benefits in managing fungal acne.

Understanding Fungal Acne

Causes and triggers of fungal acne

Several factors can contribute to fungal acne, including:

• Humidity and sweating: Warm, moist environments promote yeast growth.
• Tight clothing: Clothes that trap heat and moisture create a favorable environment for yeast overgrowth.
• Oily skin: Excessive sebum production can encourage Malassezia growth.
• Weakened immune system: Conditions that compromise the immune system can make individuals more susceptible to fungal infections.
• Use of antibiotics: Long-term use of antibiotics can disrupt the natural balance of skin flora, leading to fungal overgrowth.

Differences between fungal acne and bacterial acne

Fungal acne and bacterial acne (caused by the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes) share similarities but also have distinct differences:

1. Appearance: Fungal acne presents as small, uniform, itchy bumps or pustules, often concentrated on the forehead, chest, and back. Bacterial acne is more diverse in size and shape, with lesions such as blackheads, whiteheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts typically appearing on the face, neck, and jawline.
2. Inflammation: Fungal acne is usually less inflammatory than bacterial acne, with less redness and swelling around the affected areas.
3. Response to treatment: Traditional acne treatments, such as benzoyl peroxide or retinoids, are often ineffective for fungal acne, as they target bacteria rather than yeast. Fungal acne typically responds better to antifungal treatments.

What Exactly is Lactic Acid?

Lactic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA)

Lactic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), a group of water-soluble acids derived from fruits, milk, and other natural sources.

AHAs work by gently exfoliating the skin, dissolving the bonds between dead skin cells and promoting cell turnover. This process reveals a smoother, brighter, and more even complexion.

Other AHAs include glycolic acid, mandelic acid, and citric acid, each with varying levels of potency and benefits for the skin.

Acid	Type	Benefits	Considerations	Effectiveness for treating fungal acne
Glycolic acid	Alpha-hydroxy	Effective exfoliant, treats sun-damaged skin, acne, and signs of aging	Smallest molecular size, can be irritating for sensitive skin	Can be effective in treating fungal acne
Salicylic acid	Beta-hydroxy	Penetrates pores, treats acne and blemishes	Oil-soluble, can be drying for some skin types	May be effective in treating fungal acne
Lactic acid	Alpha-hydroxy	Exfoliates and brightens skin, good for sensitive skin	Larger molecular size, less potent compared to glycolic acid	Can be effective in treating fungal acne
Mandelic acid	Alpha-hydroxy	Exfoliates and brightens skin, good for sensitive skin	Larger molecular size, less potent compared to glycolic acid	Can be effective in treating fungal acne
Citric acid	Alpha-hydroxy	Natural preservative, can have antioxidant properties	Less commonly used in skincare products	Limited evidence of effectiveness in treating fungal acne

Properties and benefits for the skin

Lactic acid is a mild AHA known for its gentle exfoliating properties and its ability to retain moisture in the skin.

Some key benefits of lactic acid for the skin include:

1. Exfoliation: Lactic acid helps slough away dead skin cells, revealing a smoother, brighter complexion.
2. Improved skin texture: Regular use of lactic acid can help reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin texture.
3. Enhanced hydration: Lactic acid is a humectant, meaning it attracts and retains moisture, helping to keep the skin hydrated and supple.
4. Reduced hyperpigmentation: By promoting cell turnover, lactic acid can help fade dark spots and even out skin tone.
5. Pore refinement: Lactic acid can help unclog pores and reduce their appearance, making the skin appear smoother and more refined.

How lactic acid can help with fungal acne

Lactic acid may be beneficial for fungal acne due to its gentle exfoliating properties, which can help unclog hair follicles and reduce the buildup of dead skin cells. This process can create a less favorable environment for the yeast responsible for fungal acne, potentially reducing its growth and alleviating the associated symptoms.

Additionally, lactic acid’s ability to retain moisture in the skin can help maintain a healthy skin barrier, which may prevent further irritation and inflammation. However, lactic acid is not an antifungal agent, so it should be used in conjunction with other natural or non-natural antifungal treatments for a comprehensive approach to managing fungal acne. See both my natural and non-natural full treatments for fungal acne above.

Prevention and Maintenance

Tips for preventing fungal acne recurrence

While treating fungal acne is essential, taking steps to prevent recurrence is equally important. Here are some tips to help you maintain clear, healthy skin:

1. Keep your skin clean and dry: Regularly cleanse your face and body, especially after sweating, and gently pat your skin dry to prevent a moist environment that can encourage yeast growth.
2. Use non-comedogenic products: Choose skincare and makeup products that are oil-free and labeled as non-comedogenic to minimize the risk of clogged pores.
3. Avoid tight clothing: Wear loose, breathable fabrics that allow sweat to evaporate, reducing the chances of yeast overgrowth.
4. Change bedsheets regularly: Keep your sleeping environment clean by washing your bedsheets, pillowcases, and towels frequently.
5. Manage stress: High stress levels can weaken the immune system and contribute to fungal overgrowth, so practice stress-reducing activities like meditation, yoga, or exercise.

Importance of a consistent skincare routine

Maintaining a consistent skincare routine is crucial in preventing fungal acne and keeping your skin healthy. Incorporate gentle cleansing, exfoliating with lactic acid, and moisturizing regularly to support your skin’s natural barrier function and prevent recurrence.

Lifestyle factors that can influence fungal acne

Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and stress can impact fungal acne. While there is no specific diet proven to prevent fungal acne, maintaining a balanced, nutritious diet that supports overall health can help keep your skin in optimal condition. Regular exercise can improve circulation and promote healthy skin, but make sure to shower and change into clean, dry clothes promptly after working out to minimize yeast growth.

Conclusion

So, there you have it. Lactic acid can be a valuable addition to a fungal acne treatment plan, offering gentle exfoliation and hydration benefits that may help manage the condition.

It is crucial to consult a dermatologist for personalized advice and combine lactic acid with other antifungal treatments for a comprehensive approach.

Remember that patience and consistency are vital in achieving optimal results.

By following a consistent skincare routine, adopting preventive measures, and addressing lifestyle factors, you can effectively manage fungal acne and enjoy healthier, clearer skin.

References

1. Gaitanis, Georgios, et al. “The Malassezia Genus in Skin and Systemic Diseases.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol. 25, no. 1, Jan. 2012, pp. 106–41. PubMed Central, https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00021-11.
2. Green, Maxwell, et al. “Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Pityrosporum Folliculitis in Immunocompetent Patients.” Archives of Dermatological Research, Dec. 2022, pp. 1–13. PubMed Central, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-022-02506-0.